Which two conditions involve loss of skin pigmentation due to melanocyte dysfunction?

The correct answer identifies conditions that specifically involve the loss of skin pigmentation due to dysfunction of melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin in the skin.

Leukoderma refers to a condition characterized by white patches on the skin resulting from the loss of pigment cells, and vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder that destroys melanocytes, leading to patches of skin that are lighter than the surrounding areas. Both conditions are directly related to melanocyte dysfunction and result in a noticeable change in skin coloration.

The other choices include conditions that do not primarily involve the dysfunction of melanocytes or the loss of pigmentation via this direct mechanism. For example, psoriasis and eczema are inflammatory skin conditions that may alter the appearance of the skin but are not characterized by a loss of pigment due to melanocyte issues. Albinism is a genetic condition leading to a lack of melanin altogether, but lentigo involves hyperpigmentation, which does not relate to melanocyte dysfunction. Similarly, rosacea and dermatitis are also inflammatory conditions affecting the skin but do not involve the loss of pigment through melanocyte dysfunction.

Understanding the specific mechanisms behind each condition is crucial, and in the case of leukoderma and vitiligo, the clear connection to melanocyte