Which commonly used ingredient is known for its exfoliating properties?

Glycolic acid is a well-known alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane, commonly used in skincare products for its effective exfoliating properties. As an exfoliant, glycolic acid helps to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, promoting cell turnover and revealing a brighter, smoother complexion underneath. This process can improve the overall texture of the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines, and help with conditions such as acne and hyperpigmentation.

The other mentioned ingredients serve different purposes in skincare. Niacinamide is primarily known for its ability to improve skin barrier function, reduce inflammation, and even skin tone but does not have significant exfoliating qualities. SPF is essential for protecting the skin from UV rays but is not an exfoliant. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and helps in moisturizing the skin but does not provide the exfoliating benefits associated with glycolic acid. Therefore, glycolic acid stands out as the ingredient specifically recognized for its exfoliating effects.